Analysis of current situation of Chinese pepper export trade 3

Analysis of the current situation of Chinese pepper production and export trade
(3) Export trade structure
The main types of chili exports in China include fresh or refrigerated peppers (including bell peppers), the unground Dried chilli and the ground Paprika. Dried chili is one of the main export products of Chinese chili, which has rich spiciness and unique flavor, and has been widely welcomed by foreign markets. Dried peppers can be stored for a long time and are easy to transport over long distances. These products have broad sales prospects in foreign markets, which not only meet people's demand for spicy taste, but also show the unique charm of Chinese chili.
From 2015 to 2022, China's pepper export products are mainly ground peppers, followed by unground dried peppers, and the combined trade volume of the two accounts for more than 80% of China's total pepper export trade, and the last is fresh or refrigerated peppers, including sweet peppers.
The total export trade based on ground pepper showed an overall growth trend, and the trade volume increased from 1.182 billion yuan in 2015 to 3.246 billion yuan in 2022, an increase of 174.61%, with a larger growth rate, and the proportion of total export trade rose from 50.49% in 2015 to 63.69% in 2022,2019 The proportion of export trade volume of such products declined last year, and 2019 coincided with the new coronavirus epidemic in China. Although the export value of such products has decreased slightly under the influence of the epidemic, it still remains at about 60%, indicating that such products are the most popular in the market and the products are highly dependent on foreign countries. The export trade volume of unground dried chili products increased from 693.1 million yuan in 2016 to 1.106.4 billion yuan in 2022, the export trade volume increased by nearly 1 times, and the growth rate was larger, accounting for the proportion of the total export product trade volume decreased from 29.61% in 2018 to 19.33% in 2022, indicating that the export market of such products is the largest The share has declined. The export trade volume of fresh or refrigerated peppers, including sweet pepper products, has increased by 506.6 million yuan in the past five years, and the export trade volume has increased by nearly 1 times, and the proportion of the total export product trade volume has decreased from 20% to 17%, and the share of export trade has increased, indicating that China is gradually adjusting the product structure of export peppers.

(4) Methods of export trade
Export trade modes are mainly divided into general trade mode, processing trade mode, bonded logistics mode, other trade modes, etc. General trade refers to the domestic exporters as the center, directly facing the foreign market for trade activities, staying in the domestic value chain, high value-added products, the largest contribution to economic development; Processing trade refers to sending China's raw materials or semi-finished products abroad for processing, and then the processed products are returned to China or exported to foreign markets. The trade forms of China's pepper export are mainly divided into general trade and processing trade. As can be seen from Table 3, the main trade mode of China's pepper export from 2015 to 2022 is the general trade mode, while the processing trade mode accounts for a small proportion of the export value.
From 2015 to 2022, the export value of general trade increased from 2.245 billion yuan to 5.073.5 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 1 times, from 2018 the proportion of more than 50%, and the proportion of general trade exports in 2022 reached 88.63%. This fully reflects that with the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, the market potential of China's pepper exports has been further released. The general trade methods representing the level of agricultural technology are increasing, and the added value of pepper exports has increased. From 2018 to 2022, the export value of processing trade increased from 0.16.1 million yuan to 262.2 million yuan, the proportion of exports increased from 0.69% to 4.58%, and the proportion of the highest in 5 years did not exceed 10%, which shows that China has accelerated the pace of economic and industrial restructuring since the "14th Five-Year Plan" was proposed, and fully implemented the sustainable development Development strategy, high consumption of resources, energy processing trade products increased significantly.

Chinese pepper products have been sold to more than 200 countries and regions around the world, of which the number of fresh pepper export countries and regions is relatively small and stable. The number of countries and regions increased from 29 in 2015 to 30 in 2022, with major export destinations including Russia, Thailand, Mexico and Vietnam. On the other hand, the number of export destinations for dried peppers increased from 99 in 2015 to 125 in 2022, with major export countries including Spain, the United States, Japan and Malaysia. On the other hand, the number of unground pepper export countries and regions has shown a significant downward trend in the past 10 years, from 92 in 2015 to 75, and the main export countries are Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand and Japan.

China's fresh pepper export countries and regions are mainly concentrated in the vicinity of China, mainly because the storage of fresh pepper is difficult, not conducive to long-distance transportation, so China's fresh pepper trade is mainly near the countries (regions), such as Russia, Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, China, Mongolia, Malaysia, Kazakhstan and other countries (regions). Among them, Thailand is the first market of China's fresh pepper export, accounting for 24.06%; Russia ranked second with 23.09%; Hong Kong, China ranked third, accounting for 14.82%, between 2015 and 2022, the structure of China's fresh pepper target market has changed significantly, Thailand from the third target market to become the first target market, Vietnam has become the fourth target market of China's fresh pepper exports. The proportion increased from 0.35% in 2015 to 10.8% in 2022.

China unground pepper export market. China's unground pepper export countries and regions cover a wide range, no longer limited to Asia and neighboring countries, but also including European and American markets. Malaysia as one of the main export markets, the proportion is gradually increasing. In 2022, the export accounted for 35.98%, and Malaysia has become the first market for China's export of unground pepper; Mexico ranked second with 24.92% and Thailand third with 19.07%. China's unground pepper export target market structure has also changed greatly, in 2015, South Korea was the fourth largest export market, by 2022 has become the ninth largest market, the proportion has also decreased from 5.65% to 0.07%; Mexico, as the eighth largest export market in 2012, will become the third largest export market in 2022, accounting for a sharp increase from 4.74% to 24.92%.

China's dried pepper export market is also changing. As shown in the figure, in 2022, Spain became the largest export market for China's dried chili peppers, accounting for 30.21% of exports, while in 2015, the proportion was only 27.16%, an increase of 3%. At the same time, the share of the United States, one of the important export markets for China's dried chili peppers, showed a declining trend, from 11.46% in 2012 to 9.66% in 2020. In addition, Japan, as one of the traditional export markets for China's dried chili peppers, also saw a significant decline in its share, from 11.22% in 2015 to 5.68% in 2020, from the third largest market to the fourth largest market. In addition, it can also be seen that the proportion of exports from Europe and the United States is also increasing, highlighting the competitiveness of China's dried chili in the European and American markets. Asian countries accounted for 14.73% of exports, which indicates that China's dried chili also has a certain competitive advantage in the Asian market. At the same time, distant markets such as Africa also occupy a certain share of exports.